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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Protein-DNA-Interaktion</span></h1>
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<p>Eine <b>Protein-DNA-Interaktion</b> bezeichnet eine Bindung von einem <a href="DNA-bindendes_Protein" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA-bindendes Protein">Protein</a> an <a href="DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a>. Dadurch werden verschiedene Prozesse der DNA-<a href="Replikation" title="Replikation">Replikation</a>, der <a href="Genexpression" title="Genexpression">Genexpression</a> und der <a href="Epigenetik" title="Epigenetik">Epigenetik</a> gesteuert.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<p>Proteine, die eine Wechselwirkung mit DNA eingehen, werden als <a href="DNA-bindende_Proteine" title="DNA-bindende Proteine">DNA-bindende Proteine</a> bezeichnet, z. B. Proteine der <a href="Replikation" title="Replikation">DNA-Biosynthese</a>, <a href="Transkriptionsfaktor" title="Transkriptionsfaktor">Transkriptionsfaktoren</a>, <a href="DNA-Modifikation" title="DNA-Modifikation">DNA-modifizierende</a> <a href="Enzym" title="Enzym">Enzyme</a> oder Proteine der <a href="DNA-Reparatur" title="DNA-Reparatur">DNA-Reparatur</a>. Meistens erfolgt eine Bindung an die große Furche von <a href="B-DNA" title="B-DNA">B-DNA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid9646864_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9646864-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Die Interaktionen können in sequenzspezifische und sequenzunabhängige Protein-DNA-Interaktionen eingeteilt werden. Zu den DNA-bindenden Proteinen, deren Sequenzspezifität im Zuge eines <a href="Proteindesign" title="Proteindesign">Proteindesigns</a> gezielt verändert werden, gehören z. B. die <a href="Zinkfingernuklease" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinkfingernuklease">Zinkfingernukleasen</a> oder die <i><a href="Transcription_activator-like_effector_nuclease" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcription activator-like effector nuclease">Transcription activator-like effector nucleases</a></i> (TALEN).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21929364_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21929364-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Analog definierte Interaktionen sind z. B. <a href="Protein-Lipid-Interaktion" title="Protein-Lipid-Interaktion">Protein-Lipid-Interaktionen</a>, <a href="Protein-RNA-Interaktion" title="Protein-RNA-Interaktion">Protein-RNA-Interaktionen</a> und <a href="Protein-Protein-Interaktion" title="Protein-Protein-Interaktion">Protein-Protein-Interaktionen</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nachweisverfahren">Nachweisverfahren</h2></div>
<p>Verschiedene Methoden können zur <a href="Proteincharakterisierung" title="Proteincharakterisierung">Charakterisierung</a> (<a href="DNA-Sequenz" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA-Sequenz">DNA-Sequenz</a>, <a href="DNA-bindendes_Protein" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA-bindendes Protein">DNA-bindende Proteine</a>) verwendet werden.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22842750_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22842750-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dazu gehören unter anderem die <a href="Ligandenbindungstest" title="Ligandenbindungstest">Ligandenbindungstests</a> zur Bestimmung der <a href="Affinit%C3%A4t_(Biochemie)" title="Affinität (Biochemie)">Affinität</a>, wie der <a href="Filterbindungstest" title="Filterbindungstest">Filterbindungstest</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und der <a href="Electrophoretic_Mobility_Shift_Assay" title="Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay">Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay</a>, die <a href="Elektronenmikroskop" title="Elektronenmikroskop">Elektronenmikroskopie</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-PMID6163590_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID6163590-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> die <a href="Chromatin-Immunpr%C3%A4zipitation" title="Chromatin-Immunpräzipitation">ChIP</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> die <a href="ChIP-on-Chip" title="ChIP-on-Chip">ChIP-on-Chip</a>, die <a href="ChIP-Seq" title="ChIP-Seq">ChIP-Seq</a>, der <a href="DNase_Footprinting_Assay" title="DNase Footprinting Assay">DNase Footprinting Assay</a>, die <a href="Oberfl%C3%A4chenplasmonenresonanzspektroskopie" title="Oberflächenplasmonenresonanzspektroskopie">Oberflächenplasmonenresonanzspektroskopie</a>, das <a href="Yeast-One-Hybrid-System" title="Yeast-One-Hybrid-System">Yeast-One-Hybrid-System</a> (Y1H),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> das Bacterial-One-Hybrid-System (B1H) und das <a href="DamID" title="DamID">DamID</a>. Der <a href="Southwestern_Blot" title="Southwestern Blot">Southwestern Blot</a> erlaubt mit Hilfe spezifischer markierter DNA den Nachweis von DNA-bindenden Proteinen die zuvor durch eine <a href="SDS-PAGE" title="SDS-PAGE">SDS-PAGE</a> aufgetrennt wurden. Daneben kann eine <a href="Strukturaufkl%C3%A4rung" title="Strukturaufklärung">Strukturaufklärung</a> per <a href="R%C3%B6ntgenstrukturanalyse" class="mw-redirect" title="Röntgenstrukturanalyse">Röntgenstrukturanalyse</a> oder per <a href="NMR-Spektroskopie" class="mw-redirect" title="NMR-Spektroskopie">NMR-Spektroskopie</a> erfolgen.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-pmid9646864-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid9646864_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. A. Bewley, A. M. Gronenborn, G. M. Clore: <cite style="font-style:italic">Minor groove-binding architectural proteins: structure, function, and DNA recognition</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct</cite>. 27. Jahrgang, 1998, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>105–131</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biophys.27.1.105">10.1146/annurev.biophys.27.1.105</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9646864?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9646864</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Protein-DNA-Interaktion&rft.atitle=Minor+groove-binding+architectural+proteins%3A+structure%2C+function%2C+and+DNA+recognition&rft.au=C.+A.+Bewley%2C+A.+M.+Gronenborn%2C+G.+M.+Clore&rft.btitle=Annu.+Rev.+Biophys.+Biomol.+Struct&rft.date=1998&rft.doi=10.1146%2Fannurev.biophys.27.1.105&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=105-131&rft.pmid=9646864&rft.volume=27.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-pmid21929364-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid21929364_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. J. Clark, D. F. Voytas, S. C. Ekker: <cite style="font-style:italic">A TALE of two nucleases: gene targeting for the masses?</cite> In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Zebrafish</cite>. 8. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3</span>, September 2011, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>147–149</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2011.9993">10.1089/zeb.2011.9993</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21929364?dopt=Abstract">PMID 21929364</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Protein-DNA-Interaktion&rft.atitle=A+TALE+of+two+nucleases%3A+gene+targeting+for+the+masses%3F&rft.au=K.+J.+Clark%2C+D.+F.+Voytas%2C+S.+C.+Ekker&rft.date=2011-09&rft.doi=10.1089%2Fzeb.2011.9993&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Zebrafish&rft.pages=147-149&rft.pmid=21929364&rft.volume=8.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-pmid22842750-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid22842750_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Y. H. Cai, H. Huang: <i>Advances in the study of protein-DNA interaction.</i> In: <i>Amino acids.</i> Band 43, Nummer 3, September 2012, S. 1141–1146, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-012-1377-9">10.1007/s00726-012-1377-9</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22842750?dopt=Abstract">PMID 22842750</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arthur. D. Riggs, Suzanne Bourgeois, Ronald F. Newby, Melvin Cohn <i>DNA binding of the lac repressor.</i> In: <i>Journal of Molecular Biology</i> Band 34, Nummer 6, 1968, 365–368, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836%2868%2990261-1">10.1016/0022-2836(68)90261-1</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4938552?dopt=Abstract">PMID 4938552</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-PMID6163590-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PMID6163590_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Brack: <i>DNA electron microscopy.</i> In: <i>CRC critical reviews in biochemistry.</i> Band 10, Nummer 2, 1981, S. 113–169, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6163590?dopt=Abstract">PMID 6163590</a> (Review).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Sahr, C. Buchrieser: <i>Co-immunoprecipitation: protein-RNA and protein-DNA interaction.</i> In: <i>Methods in Molecular Biology.</i> Band 954, 2013, S. 583–593, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-161-5_36">10.1007/978-1-62703-161-5_36</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23150422?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23150422</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Deplancke, A. Mukhopadhyay, W. Ao, A. M. Elewa, C. A. Grove, N. J. Martinez, R. Sequerra, L. Doucette-Stamm, J. S. Reece-Hoyes, I. A. Hope, H. A. Tissenbaum, S. E. Mango, A. J. Walhout: <i>A gene-centered C. elegans protein-DNA interaction network.</i> In: <i>Cell.</i> Band 125, Nummer 6, Juni 2006, S. 1193–1205, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.04.038">10.1016/j.cell.2006.04.038</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16777607?dopt=Abstract">PMID 16777607</a>.</span>
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